There exist some challenges between traditional urban PLANNING and modern one during last decades. Imbalanced urban growth, lack of urban spatial organization, vacant lands around the cities, disproportionate per capita of land, improper urban population density, lack of coordination, low neighborhood’s security, increasing urban transportation costs and uneconomic nature of some of urban-infrastructures are being considered as most prominent urban problems. This in turn, requires the investigation regarding traditional urban PLANNING as well as modern one in order to fully rehabilitate Iran-Islamic urban PLANNING.The major objective of this study is to investigate as well as to analyze YAZD’s urban PLANNING patterns, with emphasis upon traditional patterns toward INDIGENOUS modern urban pattern corresponding with Iranian-Islamic culture.As a matter of fact modern urban PLANNING is based on traditional urban PLANNING. This fact has been ignored in modern YAZD’s PLANNING.This in turn, has led to high energy consumption level, environmental pollution, lack of social coherences, lack of urban security as well as lack of identity in urban spaces. The research method of this study is based on descriptive-analytical and survey approaches. In addition, Holder’s model and quarter distribution will be applied. This study suggests that, modern urban PLANNING not only is not against with traditional ones but also, they possess complementary nature toward indigeneuity and sustainability. In order to ameliorate urban problems, we have to stress on Iranian-Islamic structures.This enhances the cultural legacies as well as environmental standards.

Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian provinces in the competition for the development of NBIC technological convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on YAZD province. Method: This research, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant research records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the province's future in technological convergence competition emerged. Findings: The two key drivers affecting the success of the province in the competition for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the province in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the provinces to be able to succeed in the forthcoming competitions in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the research and commercialization of these technologies.

The article first attempts to explain the current housing situation in the city of YAZD on the basis of quantitative as well as qualitative indices, while comparing it with the whole country. It is indicated that for the period 1963- 1984, there is a progress in housing as compared to other urban areas. The need for housing is then projected for the next 20 years, taking into consideration the population growth and the need for replacing dilapidated housing stock. This shows that the city has to double its housing stock to meet the demand of the next 20 years. It is finally argued that this could only be achieved through a more efficient land management process.

Proper management and PLANNING of water resources in their operation, distribution, and revitalization play an important role in sustainable development. This issue is of much higher importance in countries located in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. Because it is inevitable to return and use INDIGENOUS technologies and knowledge and update them alongside modern technologies to achieve sustainable development, this research utilizes an extensive study of literature from internal and external sources and exploratory factor analysis to identify and assess the most important criteria or applicable factors of INDIGENOUS knowledge relevant to water resources PLANNING and management in YAZD Province. Due to the high importance of the issue, attempts were made to use experienced and relevant faculty members from certain universities, as well as experts and specialists from all relevant organizations in YAZD Province. The results showed that six criteria—protection and stability, integrated management, holistic (comprehensive) approach, cost-effectiveness, compatibility, and dynamism—are found to be more important than others for the area. In the second step of this research, by means of BWM and creating a linear programming model, six principal factors were weighted, and their optimal weights were obtained. The integrated management criterion has the highest weight (0.413), and the holistic approach criterion has the lowest weight (0.048). Moreover, the protection and stability criteria and the cost-effectiveness criteria jointly rank second with a weight of 0.168, and the criteria of compatibility (0.119) and dynamism (0.084), respectively, rank third and fourth.

The main objective of this paper is to reach a more or less clear image and perception of principles and rules of INDIGENOUS urban PLANNING and design. On the one hand, Isfahan School in urban PLANNING has been introduced, explained and extended as a symbol of INDIGENOUS urban PLANNING and design owing to the clear and precise explanation of its content in the history of Iran's architecture and urbanism, and on the other hand, two movements of "New Urbanism" and "Urban Village" have been reviewed as an emblem of contemporary urban theories that originated from the concept of the sustainability. In each part, besides reviewing some of the most important references related to our subject, it is endeavored to represent, and if necessary, to compare a list of the most salient doctrines and principles of every school in a table form. In the final part, through a confrontation between doctrines extracted from Isfahan School in urban PLANNING (INDIGENOUS doctrine) and distinguishing features of New Urbanism and Urban Village (universal characteristics), similarities and dissimilarities of them have been analyzed. Based on such comparison, proposed doctrines of this paper entitled as principles and rules of INDIGENOUS urban PLANNING and design have been represented in the form of twenty subjects. Research findings reveal that there are few differences and a great deal of proximity between features of Isfahan School in urban PLANNING and principles and rules of contemporary urban theories. In fact, the analytical comparison mostly shows the same tendency and scarcely discrepancies and lack of harmony between them. Albeit some of contrasts are seen in relation with subjects including "mode of transportation", "journey time", "compactness" and etc, taking a close look, indicates that roots of such contrasts is associated with lack of the simultaneity of them. In simple word, these contrasting examples have never been a serious concern in Isfahan School in urban PLANNING due to circumstances of that period, that is, conditions of Iran in Safaviyeh era.In contrary, emerging a large quantity of proximity between contemporary urban theories and Isfahan School in urban PLANNING indicates this fact that the essence of the sustainability is derived from the characteristics of traditional cities. These similarities are a pleasant context to extract principles and rules of INDIGENOUS urban PLANNING and design, principles that revert to the inside and have signs of doctrines of Isfahan School in urban PLANNING on the one hand, and look to outside and express signals of distinguishing features and components of contemporary urban theories on the other hand.

The present article studies and analyses the employment process in YAZD province in the 20 year period of 1355 to 1375 and its future PLANNING up to the year 1400. Research models and computer softwares have been used. In the period under study, the employment rate in YAZD province has been higher than that of the whole country and some 4715 Job opportunities have been created. However, only 11.7 percent of the employees are working in their field of specialty. The most successful section in job creation is the financial and commercial section. With the creation of one Job opportunity, there have been 7.1 individual employments in the financial -commercial section, 3.1 in construction industry and 3 in services section. It is expected that YAZD Province requires 8148 Job opportunities annually. These jobs can be created provided that the restrictions on services and industry sections are reduced, the economic growth rate reaches about 5.6 percent, the necessary investment in the productive activities are enforced and increased and finally rules and regulations as well as management procedures are improved and stabilized.

The dynamics of business environment of production units and the numerous factors affecting them makes PLANNING, as the principal function of management, more important. Therefore production PLANNING is considered one success tool. In this article we are trying to present a proper production PLANNING model in the wire and cable industry using operations research methods in order to show the rational relationships between operations for better PLANNING and productivity increase. In this article after studying production PLANNING and the wire and cable industry, goal programming model will be designed for production PLANNING.

Historical region of cities are a valuable heritage and are unique in identifying urban life, hence the determining role of urban PLANNING and manag ement of historical regions of cities becomes evident. In this paper, aside from the introduction and identification of urban management problems of the historical region of YAZD City, we have presented a strategic program to restoring it as well.

Introduction: Iran is one of the greatest and the most divergent resources of medicinal plants. Cuminum cyminum is one of the important and valuable medicinal plants of our country with such medical effects as anti-seizure, anti- epilepsy, stomach-strengthening, diuretic, anti-flatulence and maldigestion. The aim of this research is to assess the chemical components and antioxidant effects of the seed essence of this plant.Methods: The seed essence from southwest mountains of Behabad, YAZD was extracted by Clevenger apparatus, then segregation and recognition of components was performed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. The DPPH test was used for estimating antioxidant effects and Follin-Ciocalteu method was used for estimating the quantity of phenol compounds. This study was an applied research.Results: Components identification revealed that propanal (26.19%), 1-phenyl-1-butanol (16.49%),  g-Terpinene (13.04%) and benzene methanol (25.4%) had the highest percentage in the essence. The antioxidant test showed a high antioxidant effect with IC50 of 1.49 mg/mg and a high phenolic component percentage of about 162.62 mg/g.Conclusion: The propanal, the main component of seed essence, has a wide range of applications in industries and pharmacy.The result of this research showed a much higher antioxidant activity for native Cuminum Cyminum of YAZD province comparing the previous similar studies about this plant in other areas.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and PLANNING concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive PLANNING, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban PLANNING. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban PLANNING   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and PLANNING emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the PLANNING and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and PLANNING of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and PLANNING due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban PLANNING and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and PLANNING of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban PLANNING with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture and urban PLANNING, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban PLANNING and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.